The Factors of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Essay

The Factors of Post Traumatic Stress Disorder Post traumatic stress disorder occurs after a person is exposed to a terrifying ordeal which causes either grave physical or psychological harm where harm was threatened. It can become an extremely debilitating disorder to the persons life. The person can have problems interacting in social and family life, occupational instability and the breakdown of marriages can occur. The disorder is triggered after traumatic events such as violent personal assaults such as mugging or rape, or to family, natural disasters such as earthquakes, accidents such as car crashes, human disasters such as 9/11 and after military combat such as the soldiers who fought in†¦show more content†¦Stimulus generalisation is the tendency for stimuli similar to an original stimulus involved in a learning situation to produce the response originally acquired. Behavioural psychologists suggest that a person produces a fear reaction to the trauma situation; this fear is then produced again in response to a similar stimulus, due to classical conditioning. Evidence for this theory was produced by Pavlov (1927) who conducted experiments were dogs were presented with stimuli that elicited fear responses. The dogs associated these stimuli with particular environmental cues. When these stimuli were produced in front of the dogs the fear response was expressed. Evidence against the theory is that classical conditioning cannot be the only mechanism involved in PTSD, since not everyone who is exposed to a traumatic event develops the disorder. Cognitive explanation PTSD evolve due to a person not processing the traumatic memories. Not processing the memories occurs due to the person keeping busy with socially valued life roles. Therefore the memories do not get integrated into a persons view about the world. To stop the symptoms of PTSD the cognitive explanation suggests that people must process their traumatic experiences and integrate them into their world views, once they have thought about their experience the responses associated with it will go.Show MoreRelatedIron M Post Traumatic Stress Disorder1187 Words   |  5 Pages Iron Man: Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Michael Mills The Field School Mental disorders have been a problem around the world for many centuries. There are many different types of mental disorders as well as degree level that people can suffer from. Many people go through life never being diagnosed or treated for their mental disorder. Some people are diagnosed with multiple disorders at one time. One mental illness that has been around since the 1600’s, thatRead MoreHolden Caulfield Is On His Own Psychological Journey1450 Words   |  6 Pagestriggered by the traumatic event of his brother, Allie, dying 4 years prior. The death of Allie has affected Holden in all aspects of his life, including friends, school, actions, and thoughts. This causes concern in Holden’s parents. They are concerned with his health and well-being, therefore send Holden to a rehab center. His parents fear that Holden may have Post - Traumatic Stress Disorder, and have him psychoanalyzed. So, Holden struggles with post-traumatic stress disorder because he showsRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1471 Words   |  6 PagesRunning head: POST-TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER 1 Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Student’s Name Course Title School Name April 12, 2017  Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder is a mental disorder that many people are facing every day, and it appears to become more prevalent. This disorder is mainly caused by going through or experiencing a traumatic event, and its risk of may be increased by issuesRead MoreSupport System For Post Traumatic Stress Disorder1549 Words   |  7 PagesSystem to Post Traumatic Stress disorder Patient in U. S. Debora Anderson Augusta Technical College Running head: SUPPORT SYSTEM TO POST TRAUMATIC STRESS DISORDER PATIENT IN U. S. Debora Anderson Support System to Post Traumatic Stress disorder Patients in America Post-traumatic stress syndrome is an anxiety disorder that differs from other disorders due to its origin, or traumatic event. The severity, duration, and proximity to the event are some risk factors of the disorder. Post-traumaticRead MorePost-Traumatic Stress Disorder1496 Words   |  6 Pages Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Post-traumatic stress disorder is a psychological reaction to experiencing or witnessing a significantly stressful, traumatic, or shocking event. Did you know that one in three returning troops are being diagnosed with Post-traumatic stress disorder and less than 40% will seek help (PTSD Foundation of America). When people think of PTSD they automatically assume it just has to do with war veterans. But what people dont know is that children and teens all over theRead MoreZiek Sanchez. Massie And Perry . Pd. 3. April 12, 2017.1113 Words   |  5 PagesZiek Sanchez Massie and Perry Pd. 3 April 12, 2017 Post Traumatic Stress Disorder From The Vietnam War The Vietnam war was one of the most alarming and dangerous wars to fight. Every step in the Vietnam jungle was taken cautiously. The guerrilla warfare used by the Vietcong was frightening to anticipate. The majority of the United States army was only that of young men who had been chosen through the draft. Young men going to school and living a life at home in safety all the sudden having to makeRead MorePost Traumatic Stress Disorder ( Ptsd )1519 Words   |  7 PagesPost-Traumatic Stress Disorder It is common for individuals who have gone through a traumatic experience to feel many types of emotions, to include distress, fear, helplessness, guilt, shame or anger. The individual may begin to feel better after just a few days or weeks, but sometimes these feelings don’t go away. If the symptoms last for more than a month, they may be experiencing Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder or PTSD and should seek professional help. Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, once knownRead MoreThe Efficacy Of Cognitive Behavior Therapy ( Cbt )808 Words   |  4 Pagesintervention approach in counseling, cognitive behavior therapy is used to assist in managing clients who are diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The purpose of the needs assessment is to pinpoint the needs for counselors to assist clients diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The population of interest is teens diagnosed with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The stakeholders are teenagers and their parents. Goal of the Needs Assessment The guiding question that needsRead More Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Essay1420 Words   |  6 Pages There are hundreds of different kinds of psychiatric disorders listed in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th ed. (DSM-IV). One of them is called Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Based on the research, post-traumatic disorder usually occurs following the experience or witnessing of life-threatening events such as military combat, natural disasters, terrorist incidents, serious accidents, or violent personal assaults like rape (Harvard Women’s Health Watch, 2005)Read MoreA Brief Note On The Traumatic Stress Disorder1568 Words   |  7 PagesPost- traumatic stress disorder often get looked over by doctors and people go untreated. With passing time the fear might go away, but what happen when the constant fear take over. That was the case for a student in a psychology class I was taking. The instructor was going over anxiety and a young ma n told the class about how when he was in the army. The car he and some of the other soldiers was driving, they were doing the daily drive they accidentally drove over a bomb that explode the front of

Lyon Park s Community And Recreation Center - 1002 Words

Lyon Park’s CommUNITY Scholars After School Tutorial Program is located within Lyon Park Community Family Life and Recreation Center. The building was originally constructed in 1922 as the Old Cemetery School. The school was an African American school, eventually abandoned, until Durham’s West End community established the building as a community space (Lyon s Park School; West End Community Foundation, Inc). In 2002, the Community Family Life and Recreation Center opened, housing an auditorium, game room, dance studio, kitchen, gymnasium, meeting spaces, and computer labs. The community center also has a health clinic run through Duke Hospital. Some programs offered at the community center include GED programs, head start, senior daycare, recreation activities, and the CommUNITY Scholars After School Tutorial Program. The Community Family Life and Recreation Center describe themselves as â€Å"a gathering place where neighborhood residents come to learn, receive healt h care services, meet and play† (West End Community Foundation, Inc). Lyon Park’s CommUNITY Scholars After School Tutorial Program is a free afterschool program that provides homework and literacy help for students from kindergarten to sixth grade. On Tuesdays and Wednesdays, I work in the K-2nd grade room which is comprised of eight students, the head teacher (Ms. Parker), and four to seven Duke students that serve as tutors. Because it is later in the day (I arrive at 4:15 and the program ends at 5:30),Show MoreRelatedThe Global Apparel Supply Chain And Its Effects On Sustainability8384 Words   |  34 Pagesmanufacturers and purchased by domestic retailers at international markets. The United States has long imported fashion from Paris, woolens in the British Isles, sweaters from Scandinavia, and leather goods from Italy. Currently, the European Economic Community, followed by the United States, is the largest importer of consumer apparel in the world. Manufacturers source the best fabrics available at low cost to make into garments. U.S. textile and apparel imports increased from $10 billion in 1982 to $96Read MoreComprehensive Cafr Analysis - Ventura County11444 Words   |  46 Pagesof local government finances. The County of Ventura was selected for three primary reasons: 1) the county is located in Southern California and can easily be compared to the County of Riverside; 2) Ventura County is for the most part a suburban community and as such has been significantly impacted by the housing crisis; and 3) Ventura County is noted as a desirable place to live due to overall quality of life and low crime rates. The formal analysis was conducted using the Government Finance OfficersRead MoreProject Managment Case Studies214937 Words   |  860 Pagesotherwise, except as permitted under Section 107 or 108 of the 1976 United States Copyright Act, without either the prior written permission of the Publisher, or authorization through payment of the appropriate per-copy fee to the Copyright Clearance Center, Inc., 222 Rosewood Drive, Danvers, MA 01923, (978) 750-8400, fax (978) 750-4470, or on the Web at www.copyright.com. Requests to the Publisher for permission should be addressed to the Permissions Department, John Wiley Sons, Inc., 111 River StreetRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. 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In 1913, Ford opened the Highland Park car plant in Detroit to produce the Model T Ford, and his team of manufacturing managers pioneered the development of mass- production manufacturing, a system that made the small-batch system almost obsolete overnight. In mass production, moving

Marks Spencer Ltd. Essay Sample free essay sample

Marks and Spencer is a retail merchant of vesture. housewares. and nutrient points with a long history of great value and first-class client service. M A ; S is non merely perceived as a great trade name. but is besides revered with esteem in its state of origin the United Kingdom. It is in the concern of supplying high quality â€Å"essential† ware at moderate monetary value. and high quality pre-cooked nutrient at high rates. The company scheme is strong and apparent in all their maps. Furthermore. its value add-on to the purchaser is highly high. which of course builds Marks and Spencer’s trade name equity. Marks and Spencer is a really successful retail merchant for many grounds. but the nucleus of their scheme relies on their employees. their supply concatenation direction. and their frozen apprehension of customer’s demands. Resource and CapabilitiesMarks and Spencer control of terminal to stop supply concatenation is its core strength. We will write a custom essay sample on Marks Spencer Ltd. Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is highly rare in the retail market given the fact that M A ; S controls quality and design right from the manufacturer. Working closely with about 500 nutrient and 350 nonfood independent providers gives M A ; S immense control over stock list. merchandise quality and freshness of nutrient. Using the VRIN Framework. the M A ; S supply-chain would be classified as an both rare and inimitable. The M A ; S supply concatenation is rare because of the streamlined distribution procedure which enabled its shops to offer prepared nutrients that were fresh. non frozen. This was viewed as a mark of superior quality by the client. Besides. both the nutrient and the selling section of M A ; S operations had immense control over the supply concatenation from mill to floor. More significantly this scheme is Inimitable based on the clip. pecuniary investing. and committedness it requires to construct such outstanding relationships with providers. The clip required to construct such a web truly gives M A ; S a strategic advantage as â€Å"Some provider relationships stretched back 40 old ages or more† . In bend the company works closely with and supports the viing providers. even traveling every bit far as helping â€Å"suppliers in planing merchandises and developing advanced merchandise methods† . These sort of synergistic capablenesss are about inimitable by competition. The advantageous supply concatenation resources were a disadvantage for M A ; S in Canada. where due to high Canadian import duties it was non cost effectual for M A ; S to import merchandises from Europe. The inability to use their providers really became a strategic disadvantage for M A ; S in Canada. as they were forced to beginning goods from lower quality fabric and nutrient providers in Canada. The Canadian goods were so inferior that in-spite of the high duties for importing into Canada. M A ; S began importing from its European supply concatenation. therefore drastically cutting into their borders. Arguably the most important strategic advantage for Marks and Spencer is its employees. M A ; S invests a batch in employee satisfaction. and they show their grasp through great client service and strong company commitment. Not merely are the employee’s paid above market rate. but wellness insurance and pension programs good above the industry norm. This creates a incorporate feeling among the work force to supply high degrees of client satisfaction and added value. M A ; S tries to do clients experience more convenient and comfy. This is an inimitable resource. and a chief ground M A ; S is one of Britain’s most successful retail merchants. The high employee trueness has resulted in highly high and noticeable gross revenues per square pes ratio. Customers are good taken attention of. provided the freshest nutrient and the company takes invention to present value earnestly. Particularly in the United Kingdom. Marks and Spencer is really strategic at making a pull consequence in demand for goods. by understanding the indispensable demands of a client. alternatively of forcing merchandises on them. Their selling attempts reflect this scheme by non publicizing unless there’s a new merchandise line launch. M A ; S didn’t needfully necessitate to publicize in the UK as they were a recognized trade name. they received above mean imperativeness. and much of their success ad value was spread through word of oral cavity. This free imperativeness combined with the fact that M A ; S seldom carried vesture lines that were considered seasonal or voguish. This rare and sustainable signifier of competitory scheme has earned M A ; S a degree of high gross revenues in the UK. The scheme of non marketing did non do them really good in Canada. while Peoples and D’Allairds. which were companies that M A ; S had a commanding interest in. earned great net incomes. Canada’s catastrophe can be partially attributed to the fact that selling and a loyal client base fared good for Peopless and D’Allairds. While the same factors and the high tarrifs. which increased operating costs. were failings on the portion of M A ; S. Although these two ironss were great investings. it was partially due to cannibalising and replacing affects that these two acquisitions hurt the M A ; S unit as a whole. These trade names besides had mid to low monetary values and extended advertisement. something avoided by M A ; S in Canada. Since M A ; S was non good advertised. non many people knew about the trade name. and the value added it provided. Rolling off from the norm was a good discriminator in the UK where M A ; S was good known. but non for Canada where they were virtually a trade name new company. Marks and Spencer’s entryway into France and Europe was non really successful. Bing able to utilize their UK providers worked to their advantage from the supply side. but the demand side was really different from that which they experienced in the UK. First. M A ; S’s nutrient division was non good received. and merely profitable in cardinal Paris. Hypermarkets started deriving market portion in the 1980’s. and by enlarge the retail market in Europe was much more competitory than that of the UK. Besides. Gallic clients had a perceptual experience that the merchandises were â€Å"old-fashioned† . This could hold been mitigated if the clients could be lured into the shop to see the value and high quality M A ; S had to offer. Marks and Spencer had developed first-class and alone competitory schemes throughout their long and successful history in the United Kingdom. However when M A ; S decided to turn outside their state of beginning. they failed to be after for and understand how their scheme would be affected outside of the UK. This deficiency of readying is now evident as the company had to drastically alter its operations outside of the UK. Fortunately. M A ; S strong repute and long history of success was plenty to maintain them traveling while they reorganized their international units. Inside the UK. M A ; S has a really alone and successful corporate scheme which at its nucleus revolved around their employee’s. supply concatenation. and ability to add value for their clients. The vesture market of M A ; S has many sections but deficiency of cleavage. M A ; S suffers from the imbalance between the stock and Information Technology System.One of its trademark is that it does non utilize advertisement ( other than new merchandise line launch ) but through the word of oral cavity and imperativeness coverage that it achieves ill fame.

Rice Hulls Absorbing Capacity Essay Sample free essay sample

Rice hulls ( or rice chaffs ) are the difficult protecting coverings of grains of rice. In add-on to protecting rice during the turning season. rice hulls can be put to utilize as edifice stuff. fertiliser. insularity stuff. or fuel. ProductionRice hulls are the coating for the seeds. or grains. of the rice works. To protect the seed during the turning season. the hull signifiers from difficult stuffs. including iridescent silicon oxide and lignin. The hull is largely indigestible to worlds. One pattern. started in the 17th century. to divide the rice from hulls. it to set the whole rice into a pan and throw it into the air while the air current blows. The hulls are blown off while the rice fell back into the pan. This happens because the hull isn’t about every bit dense as the rice. These stairss are known as sifting. Later stamps and a simple machine called a rice pounder were developed to take hulls. We will write a custom essay sample on Rice Hulls Absorbing Capacity Essay Sample or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In 1885 the modern rice hulling machine was invented in Brazil. During the milling processes. the hulls are removed from the natural grain to uncover whole brown rice. which may so sometimes be milled farther to take the bran bed. ensuing in white rice. UseA figure of rice-producing states. ( e. g. Thailand ) . are presently carry oning research on industrial utilizations of rice hulls. Some of the current and possible applications are listed below. BrewingRice hulls can be used in brewing beer to increase the lautering ability of a mash. Constructing stuffRice hulls are a category A insulating stuff because they are hard to fire and less likely to let wet to propagate cast or Fungi. It has been found out that when burned. rice hull produces important sums of silicon oxide. For these grounds it provides first-class thermic insularity. FertilizerRice hulls are organic stuff and can be composted. However. their high lignin content can do this a slow procedure. Sometimes angleworms are used to speed up the procedure. Using vermicompostingtechniques. the hulls can be converted to fertilizer in approximately four months. FireworksRice hulls are coated with powdered gunpowder and used as the chief bursting charge in aerial pyrotechnics shells. FuelWith proper techniques. rice hulls can be burned and used to power steam engines. Some rice Millss originally disposed of hulls in this manner. [ commendation needed ] However the direct burning of rice hulls tends to bring forth a batch of fume. A far better alternate is to vaporize rice hulls. Rice hulls are easy gasified in top-lit updraft gasifiers. The burning of this rice hull gas produces a beautiful bluish fire. and rice hullbiochar makes a fantastic dirt amendment. [ 3 ] Juice extractionRice hulls are used as a â€Å"press aid† to better extraction efficiency of apple pressure. [ 4 ] Pet nutrient fibreRice hulls are the outermost covering of the rice and come as organic rice hulls and natural rice hulls. Rice hulls are an cheap by-product of human nutrient processing. functioning as a beginning of fibre that is considered a filler ingredient in inexpensive pet nutrients. [ 5 ] Pillow dressingRice hulls are used as pillow dressing. The pillows are slackly stuffed and considered curative as they retain the form of the caput. Rice chaff ashThe ash produced after the chaffs have been burned is high in silicon oxide. A figure of possible utilizations are being investigated for this. These utilizations include * sums and fillers for concrete and board production. * economical replacement for microsilica / silicon oxide exhausts * absorbents for oils and chemicals* dirt ameliorants* as a beginning of Si* as insularity pulverization in steel Millss* as repellants in the signifier of â€Å"vinegar-tar†* as a release agent in the ceramics industry* as an insularity stuff for places and refrigerants* in Kerala. India- Rice chaffs ( Umikari- in Malayalam ) was universally used for over centuries in cleaning dentitions – before toothpaste replaced it. Mentions 1. ^ S. Chiarakorn et Al. â€Å"Influence of functional silanes on hydrophobicity of MCM-41 synthesized from rice husk† Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 8 ( 2007 ) 110 free download 2. ^ J. Chumee et Al. â€Å"Characterization of platinum–iron accelerators supported on MCM-41 synthesized with rice chaff silicon oxide and their public presentation for phenol hydroxylation† Sci. Technol. Adv. Mater. 9 ( 2008 ) 015006 free download 3. ^ See: hypertext transfer protocol: //esrla. com/pdf/landfill_06. pdf 4. ^ Press AIDSs5. ^ hypertext transfer protocol: //www. dogfoodproject. com/index. php? page=badingredients 6. ^ hypertext transfer protocol: //www. Ms ornl. gov/researchgroups/process/cpg/sic. htm Carbonized Rice Hull Has Important UsesRice hull â€Å"ipa† used to be a large job of ricemillers. particularly in large rice bring forthing countries such as Nueva Ecija and other Central Luzonstates. It was normally considered a waste merchandise that had to be thrown off. Therefore. we used to see large hemorrhoids of rice chaff along the main road. There have been really limited utilizations for rice hull in the yesteryear. Today. rice chaff is going progressively utile as new utilizations are being popularized. One merchandise that is going progressively popular is the carbonized rice hull. CRH for short. To bring forth CRH. natural rice hull is burned without air so that it will non turn into ash. CRH is unfertile and is free from disease beings. And that is the ground why Dr. Rene Sumaoang. a microbiologist. has been advancing CRH as an ideal litter for dwelling biddies. There are a figure of benefits from utilizing CRH for dwelling biddies alternatively of the usual na tural rice hull. Bing unfertile. CRH minimizes disease taint. CRH readily absorbs the wet in the manure so the litter does non acquire moist and non attractive to flies. When the litter is treated with an enzyme ( Biosec ) formulated by Dr. Sumaoang. the usual olfactory property from the manure is eliminated. At the same clip. the enzymes break down the foods found in the manure so that when incubation is over. the litter would hold become an organic fertiliser that is ready to utilize on harvests. Dr. Sumaoang explains that Biosec is a combination of unrecorded but immobilized good micro-organisms and digestive enzymes. Once applied the good micro-organisms multiply really quickly. suppressing the growing of disease-causing beings like E. coli. salmonella and others. The enzymes. on the other manus. interrupt down the nutrient foods in the manure into simpler signifiers that could be readily absorbed by workss. Dr. Sumaoang observes that biddies grown on CRH litter grow faster and are more unvarying in size. They are healthier because CRH does non let the proliferation of harmful beings that frequently cause respiratory diseases and diarrhoea. At th e Philippine Rice Research Institute ( PhilRice ) in Nueva Ecija. there’s a show window of a sty where carbonized rice hull. about one pes deep. serves as shocking alternatively of the usual cement floor. The sty does non hold to be washed with H2O everyday. In fact. it does non acquire washed for the full turning period of four months. The manure and piss of the hogs get buried in the carbonized rice hull. The usual foul odor is practically eliminated. And when the hogs attain market size and are sold. the litter is collected and used as organic fertiliser for veggies. rice and other harvests. CRH is besides really utile in rice agriculture. Twenty bags of CRH combined with organic fertiliser or compost may be applied in one hectare. It could be plowed in during land readying. This will do the land non merely more porous for better works growing. it will besides enable the dirt to retain the wet much longer. Therefore. when there is a drawn-out prohibitionist enchantment. the rice workss will be able to last the rainless period longer. Rice grown in Fieldss enriched with CRH besides produce more profuse tillers. This will intend higher output because there are more roots that will be ar fruit. CRH is besides utile in seedbeds for bring forthing rice seedlings. Seedlings grown in beds of CRH are much easier to draw out come transplanting clip. The roots don’t acquire damaged. hence the seedlings get established in the field more readily. CRH can besides be really utile in turning high-value veggies. including those grown in containers. Combined with compost or surface soil. the ensuing turning medium is ideal for bring forthing healthy harvests. Radish grown in containers by Dr. Sumaoang’s company produced ample roots. The cosmetic gardening industry could besides profit a batch from the usage of CRH. Being unfertile. the usage of CRH will minimise fungous infection in assorted cosmetic workss. CRH could be combined with compost for shooting expensive seeds. It will besides do an ideal stuff for bring forthing potted ornamentals. Farmers themselves can easy bring forth CRH for their ain usage or for sale. The equipment can be fabricated by them. dwelling of a halved steel membranophone with holes on the side. and a four-foot steel pipe that will function as chimney. The half membranophone is turned upside down and the chimney is attached in the center of the upper terminal. A few beds of hollow blocks could be installed several pess around the half membranophone that will incorporate the natural rice hull to be made into CRH. With a few pieces of dry wood. fire is started inside the membranophone. When the fire is stabilized and the pieces of wood are firing. natural rice hull is placed inside the membranophone and so a large heap is placed all around and manner above the membranophone. The fire inside the membranophone will bit by bit fire the natural rice hull. When combustion has reached the top of the heap. H2O is sprinkled to halt the combustion so that the burned rice hull will non turn into ash. Ash is non good for integrating in the planting medium because it will act like cement. It will non do the dirt porous. Bettering water-use efficiency of agricultural dirts. peculiarly those in PE movie houses where H2O is cherished. is an of import concern in Korea. Hence. the usage of rice hulls to better water-use efficiency and the physical belongingss of nursery dirts was investigated. However. the dirt physical belongingss. peculiarly the H2O saving capacity of nursery dirts. hardly improved with the usage of rice hull fundamentally because it is hydrophobic and disintegrates easy in dirts due to its surface wax bed. Therefore. the rice hulls needed to be puffed to go hydrophilic. Puffed rice hulls was studied as a replacement for rice hulls and were found to hold good effects on dirt H2O preservation and physico-chemical belongingss ( Fig. 1 and Table 1 ) . Preparation of Puffed Rice Hull and Its Features Puffed rice hull is a hydrophilic stuff made from hydrophobic rice hulls. It can be produced under high temperature and force per unit area by the mechanical processing of oppressing rice hulls through a narrow infinite between particular compound metal lodging and oppressing balls. In the procedure. the surface wax bed of rice hull is destroyed and its texture becomes similar to that of sawdust. Puffed rice hull can absorb H2O over six times of its weight. and precipitate instantly in the H2O due to its broken wax bed and enlarged surface country. It can besides work efficaciously as a dirt betterment agent with its high content of organic affair ( about 46 % ) and C/N ratio ( about 100 ) . Advantages of Puffed Rice Hull Use Precisely controlled trickle irrigation system ( Fig. 2 ) . which started at -33kPa and was adjusted to -10kPa of dirt H2O potency for boodle cultivations. was adopted for the experiment carried out on a flaxen loam dirt in a PE movie house to happen out the application consequence of 5 mgA ·ha-1 of puffed rice hull. The effects of puffed rice hull on dirt H2O saving and dirt physico-chemical belongingss were as follows: * Irrigation H2O was saved by 17 % with puffed rice hull. The H2O demand of the control secret plan was 1. 800 MTA ·ha-1. while that of puffed rice hull secret plan was 1. 500 MTA ·ha-1 for boodle cultivation due to the high H2O absorbing and keeping capacity of bulked rice hull. * The formation of dirt sums with puffed rice hull increased from 8. 3 % ( control ) to 14. 1 % . and the dirt pore stage from 55 % ( control ) to 56 % . giving more infinite for dirt H2O saving. The consequences seem to be from the consequence of enhanced microbic activity by puffed rice hull supplying the energy and C for dirt micro-organisms. In add-on to the above direct consequence. the application of puffed rice hull showed other good effects on dirts: * The usage of puffed rice hull softened the dirt. Soil hardness was measured from 6. 4 kgA ·cm-2 for the control to 3. 6 kgA ·cm-2 with puffed rice hull. supplying a better status for root growing. * It besides improved dirt buffering capacity. particularly in salt accumulated dirt by inordinate fertilisation. The dirt EC dropped to 2. 9 dS/m-1 with puffed rice hull from 3. 8 dS/m-1 for the control. Precautions Farmers must be cognizant that the high H2O keeping capacity of puffed rice hull is sometimes harmful for harvests that require little sum of H2O. The application rate of puffed rice hull and H2O irrigation should be adjusted based on the works demands. Nitrogen lack can happen by the high C/N ratio of rice hulls.