Where there is discord, let there be harmony by Thatcher Essay

Where there is discord, let there be harmony by Thatcher - Essay Example of reference or it’s a negotiated contractual relation aimed at satisfying the interest of all stakeholders in an interdependent group under a pluralist frame of reference (Fox, 1966, p. 1-19). However, considered that under some empirical contexts, industrial relation can also be based on radical frame of reference which considers the relation between employee and employer illegitimate because it solely aimed at satisfying the interest of the employer (Fox, 1966, p. 1-19 ) and is based on a tradition which attempts to transcend the inequalities of class-based society. It is helpless to labour within capitalism but its identifying agency role in transforming capitalism. Unitary frame of reference refers to assumptions, attitudes, values, and practices pertaining to membership and thus, workers must be considered must be loyal and the whole interest are considered (Fox, 1966, p. 1-19). The latter means that the interest of the industry and the state should also be considered. T he pluralist frame of reference, on the other hand, refers to powerful subgroupings of members with their respective leaders whom they’d profess their perspectives (Fox, 1966, p. 1-19). The management in this reference must lean toward enforcing, controlling, influence, and coordination. Fox (1966) delved in to IR  in  UK  and the effect of Thatcher’s labour reform law to collective bargaining and the industrial action or unions’ responses to established institutional prerogatives and positions (pp. 1-19). For him, the unitarist route to improve cooperation between  workers  and  management was questioned based on scientific causes rather than on normative grounds (Fox, 1966, p. 1-19). He also distinguished the structural determinants of behaviours from action-level determinants. The... For him, the unitarist route to improve cooperation between workers and management was questioned based on scientific causes rather than on normative grounds (Fox, 1966, p. 1-19). He also distinguished the structural determinants of behaviours from action-level determinants. The action-level determinants are internal which affect attitudes, socialization processes, and perceptions while others are subjective and inter-subjective means of employing the meaning to the world (p, 1-19) which affect attitudes, culture, socialisation, perceptions, definitions while others are subjective and inter-subjective means of employing meaning to the social world (p. 1-19 ). He explained that industrial behaviour and the relationships between them are shaped not only by their personhood but by the technology they used at work, the structure of authority, communications and status within which they are employed (Fox 1966, p. 1-19). Fox (1966) thought that trade unions are legal representations of emp loyees and can be channelled to positive change if collective bargaining is appreciated a s means of dispute settlement. Workers at that epoch were demanding for more humane work conditions and greater representation in decision-making bodies in corporations, including those ran by the state (Fox, 1966, p. 1-16). They raised legitimate issues on unfair dismissal, maternity or paternity rights, leaves, protection of wages, and equal or redundancy pay (Fox, 1966, p. 1-16).

How Does Steinbeck Present Disadvantaged Characters to Us Essay Example for Free

How Does Steinbeck Present Disadvantaged Characters to Us Essay Steinbeck presents disadvantaged characters to us using a number of techniques. The author does this to encourage us to sympathise and begin to understand the characters, in order to show the problems with prejudice and the various types of it which were endemic in American society in this time. Lennie is firstly presented to us through the author’s use of animal imagery in the description, and the readers first impression of Lennie is how animal like he is when phrases like ‘snorting†¦like a horse’ are used. The author does this to show that Lennie is gentle, like an animal and can be tamed like domestic animals are. It also shows Lennie will only attack on instinct and become violent when he feels threatened or under attack. This is shown when he says ‘I didn’t want no trouble’ showing that he didn’t mean to do any harm and just doesn’t realise his own strength. The author also presents Lennie in this way because animals are innocent and do not have the capacity to act morally or know good from bad. This shows Lennie’s behaviour, when he acts violently, is a result of society as society taunts him until he behaves in this way. Lennie is also presented to the readers as a vulnerable character, through the author’s description of Lennie’s actions, especially after his attack from Curley when he ‘bleated with terror’ and ‘crouched cowering’. This action emphasises his dependence on George as he couldn’t defend himself without George telling him to. His dependence on George is also made totally clear when he says ‘me an’ him goes ever’ place together’ When Lennie panics he starts to loose control and the author presents this to the readers through the structure of the text and Lennie’s dialogue. Lennie’s sentences become short and staccato like when he says phrases such as ‘please don’t’ and ‘now don’t you do that’ showing his evident panic. The readers can also tell that Lennie looses control because the author uses language such as ‘(lennie’s) face was contorted’. The author does this to show Lennie doesn’t mean to kill or hurt and does it out of panic and instinct. This is shown by Lennie himself when he says ‘I done a real bad thing†¦ George’ll be mad’ which shows Lennie realises he can’t control himself and that he has no moral judgement. It also shows Lennie thinks things are ‘good’ or ‘bad’ to him depending on what George will think of him. The author presents Lennie to us, as a disadvantaged character, in the way he has a child’s mind in a mans body. This not only enables us to see the way in which society treats people such as Lennie but it gives us an insight into the feelings of black people as lennie, being socially unaware and childlike, does not realise the social boundries of white people and goes to talk to crooks.

The Impact of Television on American Society Essay -- essays research

The Impact of Television on American Society   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  What role does television play in society? For decades we have seen many parts of our world rapidly going through changes in technology. Today’s society has been transformed by means of communication and the available information through mass media. Most Americans rely on television for news, sports, and entertainment. Television is just one of the many examples of how technology has changed our lives. Since the invention of the television in the early 1900’s, it has played a very important role in our lives. Having a television set in the home has become very essential in today’s society. We depend on it to entertain us with its sitcoms and to inform us about current world issues. The problem is that sometimes what we hear or see on television is not always accurate or correct. Sometimes news stories give us the wrong information and we believe that it is true because it is being said on television. They may give you a story, but they may lea ve out some details to prove their point or to make the story more interesting. Americans are among the most ill-informed people in the world. Television, in other words, is not the great information machine. It is the great disinformation machine. TV tends to mislead us with its stories and in many ways we allow ourselves to be fall behind in the world as we tend to want to watch the entertainment shows and not the news broadcasts. Thus, we are not informed about what is going on in o...

Deception Point Page 70

â€Å"Correct,† Tolland said. â€Å"This species would have collapsed under its own weight if it walked around on earth.† Corky's brow furrowed with annoyance. â€Å"Well, Mike, unless some caveman was running an antigravity louse farm, I don't see how you could possibly conclude a two-foot-long bug is earthly in origin.† Tolland smiled inwardly to think Corky was missing such a simple point. â€Å"Actually, there is another possibility.† He focused closely on his friend. â€Å"Corky, you're used to looking up. Look down. There's an abundant antigravity environment right here on earth. And it's been here since prehistoric times.† Corky stared. â€Å"What the hell are you talking about?† Rachel also looked surprised. Tolland pointed out the window at the moonlit sea glistening beneath the plane. â€Å"The ocean.† Rachel let out a low whistle. â€Å"Of course.† â€Å"Water is a low-gravity environment,† Tolland explained. â€Å"Everything weighs less underwater. The ocean supports enormous fragile structures that could never exist on land-jellyfish, giant squid, ribbon eels.† Corky acquiesced, but only slightly. â€Å"Fine, but the prehistoric ocean never had giant bugs.† â€Å"Sure, it did. And it still does, in fact. People eat them everyday. They're a delicacy in most countries.† â€Å"Mike, who the hell eats giant sea bugs!† â€Å"Anyone who eats lobsters, crabs, and shrimp.† Corky stared. â€Å"Crustaceans are essentially giant sea bugs,† Tolland explained. â€Å"They're a suborder of the phylum Arthropoda-lice, crabs, spiders, insects, grasshoppers, scorpions, lobsters-they're all related. They're all species with jointed appendages and external skeletons.† Corky suddenly looked ill. â€Å"From a classification standpoint, they look a lot like bugs,† Tolland explained. â€Å"Horseshoe crabs resemble giant trilobites. And the claws of a lobster resemble those of a large scorpion.† Corky turned green. â€Å"Okay, I've eaten my last lobster roll.† Rachel looked fascinated. â€Å"So arthropods on land stay small because the gravity selects naturally for smallness. But in the water, their bodies are buoyed up, so they can grow very large.† â€Å"Exactly,† Tolland said. â€Å"An Alaskan king crab could be wrongly classified as a giant spider if we had limited fossil evidence.† Rachel's excitement seemed to fade now to concern. â€Å"Mike, again barring the issue of the meteorite's apparent authenticity, tell me this: Do you think the fossils we saw at Milne could possibly have come from the ocean? Earth's ocean?† Tolland felt the directness of her gaze and sensed the true weight of her question. â€Å"Hypothetically, I would have to say yes. The ocean floor has sections that are 190 million years old. The same age as the fossils. And theoretically the oceans could have sustained life-forms that looked like this.† â€Å"Oh please!† Corky scoffed. â€Å"I can't believe what I'm hearing here. Barring the issue of the meteorite's authenticity? The meteorite is irrefutable. Even if earth has ocean floor the same age as that meteorite, we sure as hell don't have ocean floor that has fusion crust, anomalous nickel content, and chondrules. You're grasping at straws.† Tolland knew Corky was right, and yet imagining the fossils as sea creatures had robbed Tolland of some of his awe over them. They seemed somehow more familiar now. â€Å"Mike,† Rachel said, â€Å"why didn't any of the NASA scientists consider that these fossils might be ocean creatures? Even from an ocean on another planet?† â€Å"Two reasons, really. Pelagic fossil samples-those from the ocean floor-tend to exhibit a plethora of intermingled species. Anything living in the millions of cubic feet of life above the ocean floor will eventually die and sink to the bottom. This means the ocean floor becomes a graveyard for species from every depth, pressure, and temperature environment. But the sample at Milne was clean-a single species. It looked more like something we might find in the desert. A brood of similar animals getting buried in a sandstorm, for example.† Rachel nodded. â€Å"And the second reason you guessed land rather than sea?† Tolland shrugged. â€Å"Gut instinct. Scientists have always believed space, if it were populated, would be populated by insects. And from what we've observed of space, there's a lot more dirt and rock out there than water.† Rachel fell silent. â€Å"Although†¦,† Tolland added. Rachel had him thinking now. â€Å"I'll admit there are very deep parts of the ocean floor that oceanographers call dead zones. We don't really understand them, but they are areas in which the currents and food sources are such that almost nothing lives there. Just a few species of bottom-dwelling scavengers. So from that standpoint, I suppose a single-species fossil is not entirely out of the question.† â€Å"Hello?† Corky grumbled. â€Å"Remember the fusion crust? The mid-level nickel content? The chondrules? Why are we even talking about this?† Tolland did not reply. â€Å"This issue of the nickel content,† Rachel said to Corky. â€Å"Explain this to me again. The nickel content in earth rocks is either very high or very low, but in meteorites the nickel content is within a specific midrange window?† Corky bobbed his head. â€Å"Precisely.† â€Å"And so the nickel content in this sample falls precisely within the expected range of values.† â€Å"Very close, yes.† Rachel looked surprised. â€Å"Hold on. Close? What's that supposed to mean?† Corky looked exasperated. â€Å"As I explained earlier, all meteorite mineralogies are different. As scientists find new meteorites, we constantly need to update our calculations as to what we consider an acceptable nickel content for meteorites.† Rachel looked stunned as she held up the sample. â€Å"So, this meteorite forced you to reevaluate what you consider acceptable nickel content in a meteorite? It fell outside the established midrange nickel window?† â€Å"Only slightly,† Corky fired back. â€Å"Why didn't anyone mention this?† â€Å"It's a nonissue. Astrophysics is a dynamic science which is constantly being updated.† â€Å"During an incredibly important analysis?† â€Å"Look,† Corky said with a huff, â€Å"I can assure you the nickel content in that sample is a helluva lot closer to other meteorites than it is to any earth rock.† Rachel turned to Tolland. â€Å"Did you know about this?† Tolland gave a reluctant nod. It hadn't seemed a major issue at the time. â€Å"I was told this meteorite exhibited slightly higher nickel content than seen in other meteorites, but the NASA specialists seemed unconcerned.† â€Å"For good reason!† Corky interjected. â€Å"The mineralogical proof here is not that the nickel content is conclusively meteoritelike, but rather that it is conclusively non-earth-like.† Rachel shook her head. â€Å"Sorry, but in my business that's the kind of faulty logic that gets people killed. Saying a rock is non-earth-like doesn't prove it's a meteorite. It simply proves that it's not like anything we've ever seen on earth.† â€Å"What the hell's the difference!† â€Å"Nothing,† Rachel said. â€Å"If you've seen every rock on earth.† Corky fell silent a moment. â€Å"Okay,† he finally said, â€Å"ignore the nickel content if it makes you nervous. We still have a flawless fusion crust and chondrules.† â€Å"Sure,† Rachel said, sounding unimpressed. â€Å"Two out of three ain't bad.† 83 The structure housing the NASA central headquarters was a mammoth glass rectangle located at 300 E Street in Washington, D.C. The building was spidered with over two hundred miles of data cabling and thousands of tons of computer processors. It was home to 1,134 civil servants who oversee NASA's $15 billion annual budget and the daily operations of the twelve NASA bases nationwide.

A Message from the Pig-Man Essay

Eric is a six year old boy, he is an only child who is going through a though time, because his parents have gotten a divorce. Eric thinks it‘s a bit odd that his Dad can’t live with him, his mother and Donald, his stepfather, because the spare room is empty and no one has used it in a long time. Eric feels like people can’t explain things to him that he does not understand. For example the Pig-Man. For him the Pig-Man sounds like a monster because no one of the grownups wants to tell him about the Pig-Man. One evening Eric’s mother asks him to go out with a paper carrier full of potato-peelings and scraps. Eric Does not want to go, but his mother says he can scrape out the basin, which she had made some cake mixture in. When he gets outside the trashcan is gone. But his mother sends him to run after the Pig-Man. When Eric sees who the real Pig-Man is, a big relief runs through his body, because the big man is ordinary man and not how he had imagined him to look like. Author: Poet, critic and novelist. John Barrington Wain was born in Stoke-on-Trent, the son of a dentist, and educated at Newcastle-under-Lyme Grammar School, Staffordshire, before going on to St. John’s College, Oxford. From 1949 until 1955 he lectured in English at Reading University before turning to freelance writing full-time. From 1973 to 1978 he was Professor of Poetry at the University of Oxford. For most of his life, John Wain worked as a freelance journalist and author, writing and reviewing for newspapers and the radio. He died in May 1994 at Oxford. From 1974 his literary manuscripts have been deposited at Edinburgh University Library. Setting: The story is taking place at Eric’s home, in the dining-room and in the Kitchen. Also outside where the bucket is standing, and then where Eric meets the Pig-Man. The time of the story is about 2 days. * Day 1. Where you hear everything about Eric’s life. When Eric is dreaming about the Pig-Man and his dad going on a train together. * Day 2. When Eric is going to bring the paper carrier to the Pig-Man. Characters: Eric: He is nearly 6 years of age and has difficulties adapting to the new circumstances. The complicated grown-up world is taking over. He is very proud that the grown-ups also see him as a responsible young man. There are many questions he would like to ask the grown-ups but is afraid to do so. Eric does not understand why his father had to leave just because Donald moved in. He is worried about being left alone and he does not have anyone he can trust and open his feelings to. Eric’s mother: Is a caring mother. She told Eric that nothing was going to change when she and his father got a divorce and Donald would move in with them. When she wants Eric to go out with the paper carrier, she tells Eric that he can scrape the basin of cake-mixture. That is a way for her to get Eric to do things and that tells us much about how the mother is.